Assessment of the Impacts of Sisal Processing Industries on Water Resources in Rongai Sub-County, Kenya

Abstract

Abstract Sisal farming is a vital large-scale cash crop activity in Rongai Sub-County, Kenya, with over 1,000 hectares of land dedicated to its cultivation. As a primary economic activity, it provides income and employment opportunities for the local population. However, sisal processing industries are significant water consumers, which has led to their establishment near natural water sources, including streams and rivers. This study was conducted to assess the impact of sisal processing industries on water resources in Rongai Sub-County. The research focused on determining the mitigation measures implemented to manage pollution from sisal waste disposal and evaluating the effects of this waste on the water quality in the Molo River, Rongai River, Majani Mingi River, and surrounding boreholes.The study concentrated on three main sisal processing industries, which are:Athinai Sisal Processing Industry, Lomolo Sisal Processing Industry, and the closed Majani Mingi Sisal Processing Industry—as well as the communities located near these industries. To achieve the objectives, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating both descriptive and experimental research designs. Data collection involved administering interviews to household heads, conducting interviews with key informants (including industry representatives and local environmental officers), andcollecting water samples from the three rivers and adjacent boreholes. Laboratory analyses were performed to establish water quality parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS). Quantitative data from the interviews and surveys were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), while laboratory results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Kenyan water quality standards.The findings showed that sisal processing activities have a significant impact on local water resources. Water quality tests indicated notable alterations in pH, reduced DO levels, and elevated TDS and conductivity in water bodies adjacent to processing facilities. There were no notable effects on water turbidity. These changes suggest an increase in pollution, potentially affecting both aquatic life and human health. Although some industries and households have adopted mitigation measures, such as chemical treatment of waste, use of mosquito nets to prevent breeding around waste ponds, and planting trees for natural filtration, these interventions were found to be inadequate and inconsistently applied, highlighting the need for more integrated and effective mitigation approaches to safeguard water quality and protect the environment. This study recommends a sustainable approach that involves integrating advanced waste treatment, community education, and innovative waste repurposing strategies to reduce water pollution and health risks, while enhancing environmental sustainability and regional economic resilience.