SOCIAL EXCLUSION, CLASS ATTENDANCE AND AVAILABILITY OF COUNSELING SERVICES TO ORPHANS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KENYA

Abstract

Orphan-hood can be a source of both physical and psychological trauma in children. Apart from being excluded by family members and friends, orphans are likely to miss classes and hence may require consistent guidance and counseling to help them come in terms with the new life they find themselves in. This paper outlines studies that were done in Bondo and Bungoma North Districts in Kenya respectively to investigate social exclusion, class attendance and availability of guidance. The two studies were done independently between 2009 and 2011 using survey designs among students in secondary schools. Findings revealed significant difference in social exclusion and class attendance between orphans and non-orphans indicating that that orphans are more socially excluded and are more likely to be absent from school than non-orphans. It was further noted that there was no difference in access to guidance and counseling services by both orphans and non-orphans