Influence of Cropping Method Practice on Food Security Among Smallholder Farmers in Solai, Nakuru County

Abstract

Abstract Purpose of the Study: The study set out to investigate the effect of cropping methods specifically crop rotation and intercropping on food security among smallholder farmers in Solai, Nakuru County, Kenya. Statement of the Problem: Smallholder farmers in Solai face persistent challenges of climate variability, soil degradation, and limited adoption of sustainable farming practices. These constraints undermine agricultural productivity and threaten household food security. Despite the recognized benefits of conservation agriculture, evidence on the contribution of specific cropping methods to food security in this context remains inadequate. Research Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive and correlational design. Data was gathered from 100 respondents, including 95 farmers and 5 key stakeholders. Structured questionnaires based on a 5-point Likert scale were administered, complemented by in-depth interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using regression and correlation techniques, while qualitative data was thematically analyzed. Findings: Regression results demonstrated a significant positive effect of cropping methods on food security (β = 0.472, p = 0.000). Pearson correlation further indicated a strong positive relationship (r = 0.902, p = 0.000). The findings revealed that intercropping and crop rotation practices enhanced food supply, improved soil fertility, and supported sustainable agricultural systems. Conclusion: The study concludes that the adoption of crop diversification strategies is essential for addressing food security challenges among smallholder farmers in Solai. Conservation agriculture practices provide both immediate and long-term benefits, contributing to resilience against climate shocks. Recommendation: The study recommended that agricultural extension services and targeted awareness programs be strengthened to promote the uptake of intercropping and crop rotation.