Biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles: promoting green nanotechnology and sustainable development goals

Abstract

Nanotechnology has expanded rapidly, resulting in the introduction of numerous nanomaterials for use in drug delivery, diagnostics, catalysis, environmental remediation, and the biomedical field. Though nanotechnology offers many benefits, the chemical and physical processes of producing nanomaterials are not sustainable and detrimentally affect the environment. Such processes go against the spirit of the sustainable development goals viz. sustainable development goals (SDGs) targets 3.9, 6.3, 9.4, 12.4, and 12.5 that advocate for reduction or elimination of hazardous chemicals, pollutants and contaminants to the environment; and designing sustainable, resource-use efficient industries and adoption of clean technologies. Biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles based on the principles of green chemistry aims to reduce or entirely eliminate the use of hazardous chemicals and minimize or possibly eliminate generation of pollutants. By use of eco-friendly solvents, maximization of atom economy to minimize waste generation and elimination of hazardous chemicals and waste to minimize impact on environment and human health, green nanotechnology substantially contributes to achieving the aforementioned SDGs targets. Integrating green nanotechnology into environmental policies can drive the adoption of eco-friendlier nanomaterials and production processes in developed and developing nations. This review focuses on the potential of biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles in advancing SDGs.